backward integration
英 [ˈbækwəd ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn]
美 [ˈbækwərd ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn]
反向合并（兼并；集成）；反向一体化
双语例句
- The Logic of Backward Integration in Industrial Organization; Study on the Construction of Academic Grass-roots Organization within a University
西方产业组织理论中后向一体化的逻辑大学基层学术组织制度建设的内在逻辑 - Study on China Dairy Company's Selection of Backward Integration Pattern after "Melamine Incident"
后三聚氰胺时代中国乳制品企业后向一体化模式的选择研究 - The second order stiff dynamic equations of flexible manipulator were transformed into first order equations by state variable. A method of nonlinear numerical integration was presented based on forward and backward Euler integration. This method was characterized by A 0 stability and infinity stability.
通过采用状态变量把具有stiff性质的二阶柔性操纵器动力学方程降为一阶，基于向前和向后Euler积分法，提出了一种非线性数值积分方法，该方法具有A0稳定性及无限稳定性。 - The deep stall corridor, which means the region of convergence ( ROC) of the deep stall trim point, is constructed by means of backward integration techniques.
应用反向积分技术确定出了深失速走廊&深失速平衡点的收敛区域（ROC）。 - Design of Encouragement inside an Enterprise of Backward Integration
后向整合企业内部激励设计 - The first part of this article simply reviews the process of European Union integration, pointing out that the main problem of European Union now is the relatively backward European political integration, and then analyzes the problems existed in the process of European political integration.
本文的第一部分首先对欧盟一体化进程进行了简要回顾，指出欧盟目前所面临的主要问题是与经济一体化相配的政治一体化的相对落后，进而分析了欧洲政治一体化进程中存在的问题。 - Based on the radial return method and backward Euler integration, a new implicit stress integration algorithm is proposed for the developed visco-plastic constitutive model by combining the successive substitution method.
在径向回退（radialreturn）和向后欧拉积分方法的基础上，结合连续迭代（SuccessiveSubstitution）方法，推导并建立了针对循环粘塑性本构模型的、新的隐式应力积分算法。 - This article proposals that agriculture enterprises can seize the opportunities and overcome the threats which WTO bring about by adapting strategies such as forward integration, backward integration and horizontal integration.
提出可以采用前向一体化、后向一体化和横向一体化等企业发展战略，抓住入世带来的有利机遇，克服入世带来的不利影响。 - Backward Reasoning-Based Model Integration
基于逆向推理策略的模型集成 - Backward integration is also implemented, therefore the industries of pre-baked anode, aluminum fluoride and alumina should be developed quickly.
实施后向一体化，加快发展预焙阳极、氟化铝、氧化铝。 - The final condition is: the development strategies of Justit is backward integration, diversification strategies and market development.
最后的结论是：嘉策公司发展战略是后向一体化战略、多元化战略和市场开发战略。 - Start from downstream processing or intermediates, organize production with the concept of "backward integration" and speed up capital turnover;
从后加工或中间搞起，用倒推的次序来组织生产，加快资金周转； - Among the methods to eliminate oscillations, the precision of damping Trapezoidal Integration is between backward Euler integration method and trapezoidal integration method, so it is not used widely.
在消除振荡的方法中，阻尼梯形法的精度介于向后欧拉法和梯形法之间，由于其精度较低，应用不十分广泛。 - In essence, PB is the integration of retail trades in upper-supply channels, i.e. the backward integration, which embodies a great tendency of sale-channel changes in buyer's markets.
PB的实质是零售业对上游供应渠道的整合，即后向整合。这种整合集中体现了买方市场条件下营销渠道变化的大趋势。 - A three phase backward Euler integration algorithm for stress update is proposed.
建议了一个计算应力的三级向后欧拉积分算法。 - In the measurement of random-incidence scattering coefficient by synchronized averaging of the impluse responses, the sound energy decay curve obtained by the backward integration of the squared averaged impulse will be influenced by the correlated components among these responses.
用脉冲响应同步平均法测量无规入射散射系数时，叠加后再经反向能量积分得到的声能衰减曲线，会受到不同脉冲响应中散射成分相关的影响。 - Backward Integration by Electricity Monopsonist under Fluctuation of Demand
需求波动下买方垄断电力企业的后向一体化 - Electrolytic aluminum enterprises which backward integrated was in favor of transverse expansion, and the vertical integration of disparate electrolytic aluminum enterprises inclined to strategically substitute, therefore vertical integration game would lead to polarized market structure, and resulted in higher market concentration degree of electrolytic aluminum.
后向一体化的电解铝企业倾向于进行更多的横向扩张，不同电解铝企业的纵向一体化趋向于战略替代，因而纵向一体化博弈将引起两极分化的市场结构，并导致更高的电解铝市场集中度。 - Through this flow, the government receives the information on income tax preparation behavior, and analyzes the information again, seeks the backward reason, proposes the revised plan, implements the final integration of the income tax.
通过这一流程，政府收到了所得税筹划行为信息，并对信息进行再分析，追溯原因，提出修正计划，最终实施所得税一体化。 - Scarce supplies and overcapacity created motives for backward and forward integration of aluminum industry successively, and the dissymmetry of industrial chain structure strengthened this motivation.
供应稀缺和产能过剩分别为我国铝企业后向和前向一体化创造了动机，产业链结构的不对称进一步强化了该动机。 - Yet in this process, there are still some problems such as small enterprise scale and comparatively backward technology, testifying the relation between the degree of vertical integration and enterprise performance.
但是在整合过程中还存在一些问题，比如产业结构不合理、技术落后等问题。 - The backward integration strategy can ensure the material supplement. The concentrated strategy can realize higher product added-value.
后向一体化战略的目的是保证原料供应；重点集中战略的目的是实现更高的产品附加值。 - The method of inverse analysis and the method of combination of forward integration and backward integration are applied to solve this problem, Then the errors of inversion are analyzed.
本文采用逆推法和前向积分与后向积分相结合的方法，解决了此问题。然后对反演的误差进行了分析。 - Finally this paper puts forward policy proposals suggesting that the government can provide policy support for large-scale steel enterprises to do backward integration and adopt appropriate ways to do so.
最后提出了政策建议，建议政府能够提供政策支持大型钢铁企业进行后向一体化，建议钢铁企业进行后向一体化，并且要选择适宜的后向一体化方式。 - In this part I put forward the viewpoint of constructing harmoniously-developing industry chain through forward and backward integration of steel industry, systemically analyse and totally design the industry integration that is based on cycle economy.
本章提出了钢铁产业的前后向整合，构筑协调发展的钢铁产业链的思路，对基于循环经济的产业链整合进行了系统分析和整体设计。 - Based on the definition of implicit Euler backward integration scheme for standard plasticity, an implicit integration algorithm and the consistent tangent moduli are presented for the chemo-hydro-mechanical constitutive model.
根据经典率无关弹塑性模型的Euler向后完全隐式积分算法提出了非饱和多孔介质化学-水力-力学耦合本构模型的隐式积分算法并推导了一致性切线刚度阵。 - Domestic 3G mobile communication market has entered a rapid development and overall competition phase, China Telecom as the operator moves backward., through the solid net integration advantages skewing towards the size of mobile users in 201.1 breaks through 100 million.
国内3G移动通信市场已进入快速发展和全面竞争阶段，中国电信作为移动运营商的后进者，通过固网融合优势拉动实现2011年移动用户规模突破1亿户。 - The idea of supply logistics management is relatively backward, so the poor quality of supply materials 、 the serious pressure of material inventory 、 the jam of the flow of funds and the unreasonable integration of logistics, information flow and capital flow are caused.
由于其供应物流管理思想相对落后，致使公司供应物质质量不高；原材料库存压力较大，资金流动不畅通；物流、信息流以及资金流未能合理整合。